Summer eczema in horses: Causes, symptoms and treatment explained in an easy-to-understand way.

Summer eczema is one of the most common skin diseases in horses – especially during the warm months, it becomes a real torment for many affected animals. Severe itching, inflamed areas of skin, and hair loss make life difficult for so-called eczema sufferers. This article will tell you what causes summer eczema, how to recognize it, how to effectively help your horse, and what you can do to prevent an outbreak.

What exactly is summer eczema in horses?

Summer eczema (also known medically as "insect-induced allergic dermatitis" ) is a chronic skin disease triggered by an allergic reaction to the saliva of certain insects – primarily midges (Culicoides species). The affected horse reacts hypersensitively to the bites of these midges, resulting in severe itching.

Summer eczema usually occurs seasonally – preferably between spring and late autumn , when mosquitoes and biting flies are particularly active. It is a non-contagious disease, but can become chronic in genetically predisposed animals.

Certain breeds of horses – such as Icelandic horses, Friesians or Shetland ponies – are particularly affected. Genetic predisposition, immune system, husbandry and environmental factors play a significant role.

How do you recognize summer eczema in a horse?

The symptoms of summer eczema are clear, but not always immediately recognizable as such. The symptoms usually occur in spring, worsen in summer and subside in autumn.

Typical signs include:

• Severe itching, especially on the mane, tailhead, and abdominal suture.
• Skin inflammation, redness, swelling, and crust formation.
• Hair loss and dandruff in the affected areas.
• Noticeable rubbing against fences, trees, or walls
• Restlessness due to constant itching

If summer eczema is left untreated, severe skin changes, secondary infections and large-scale crusting can develop due to the constant rubbing.

What causes summer eczema in horses?

The main cause is a Allergic reaction to insect bites , especially from midges (Culicoides). When biting, the midge secretes saliva, to which the horse's immune system overreacts. This allergic sensitization usually develops over several years.

Other contributing factors:

• Genetic predisposition: Some horses inherit an increased responsiveness of the immune system.
• Unfavorable keeping conditions: Damp pastures, standing water, or poor hygiene promote the insect population.
• Stressed immune system: Stress, nutritional deficiencies, or parasites further weaken the immune system.

Why does summer eczema occur?

The main cause of summer eczema is a Allergic reaction to the saliva of certain insects , especially horseflies and midges. These insects are mainly active at dusk and are attracted to warm temperatures and standing water – conditions that are common on many horse pastures.

Other factors that may contribute to the development of the disease:

• Genetic predisposition (especially with imported breeds such as Icelandic horses)
• A weakened immune system , e.g. due to stress or poor posture.
• Environmental conditions , such as high humidity or many breeding sites in the pasture.
• Sensitization : Some horses only develop the allergy after several years of contact with the triggers.

Which treatment is effective for treating summer eczema?

Since summer eczema is not curable, but can be treated well, the treatment is based on several pillars:

1. Symptomatic treatment: Relieve itching and inhibit inflammation

• The all-purpose spray has a soothing effect on the skin.
• Itch-relieving creams and lotions (e.g. with aloe vera, zinc or panthenol) soothe irritated skin.
• In severe cases, cortisone-containing ointments can be prescribed by the veterinarian. They have an anti-inflammatory effect, but should only be used for a short period of time.
• Antihistamines help to reduce the allergic reaction.
• Antibiotics are used when the chafed areas of skin become infected with bacteria.

2. Skincare: Use natural remedies effectively.

• A combination of the "Wash Me" shampoo and the "All-in-One" spray works wonders.
• Coconut oil has a nourishing effect, is mildly anti-inflammatory, and makes it more difficult for insects to stick to surfaces.
• Tea tree oil can help with inflammation – but be careful: Always use it highly diluted, as it can irritate the skin.
• Sulfur-containing shampoos cleanse gently and can relieve itching.

It is important to get a veterinary opinion before you experiment with care products yourself - not all natural remedies are suitable for every horse.

3. Insect protection: Prevent mosquito bites as much as possible

• Eczema covers protect sensitive skin areas from insect bites. Pay attention to a good fit and breathable material.
• Insect repellents with active ingredients such as Icaridin or essential oils can be applied additionally. Repeated application is usually necessary.

4. Hyposensitization: Reduce the severity of allergies in the long term

Hypersensitization (allergy vaccination) can help reduce the excessive immune system response. In this process, the allergen extract is injected into the horse in increasing doses over a longer period. The success rate is not the same for all horses, but some animals show significant improvements after just the first season.

How to prevent summer eczema in horses

The best measure against summer eczema is prevention – especially if your horse has already shown symptoms or belongs to a risk group . The goal is to minimize contact with insects while simultaneously strengthening the immune system.

Optimal husbandry plays a crucial role here. Avoid grazing during the main flight times of the midges, which are particularly active at dusk. Instead, it is better to let your horse graze in the morning or at midday . At night, it should be in the stable, ideally in a well-ventilated area with few mosquitoes. Also, make sure to place the open stable in a airy location without standing water nearby. To further increase protection, insect nets and fly screens can be installed on stable windows.

Hygiene in the stable is equally important. Regularly remove manure and leftover feed, as both attract insects. Water troughs and containers should be thoroughly cleaned to prevent the accumulation of germs or insects. Use mild stable cleaners free of harsh chemicals to avoid harming your horse's health.

Feeding plays a crucial role in horses with summer eczema. A specifically adapted diet strengthens the skin barrier and can positively influence inflammatory processes in the body. To optimally support your horse, you should pay attention to several aspects.

What role does feeding play in horses with eczema?

A targeted, adapted diet strengthens the skin barrier and can positively influence inflammatory processes in the body. For horses suffering from eczema, you should pay particular attention to the following points:

Important nutrients for skin health

Certain nutrients contribute significantly to stabilizing the skin and have a supportive effect on the entire organism:

• Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. in flax seeds or flax oil) - have anti-inflammatory effects
• Zinc – essential for skin regeneration
• Biotin – supports skin and hair quality
• Vitamin E and Selenium – protect cells from oxidative stress

Here's what you should pay attention to when choosing feed.

A well-thought-out selection of feedstuffs can alleviate discomfort and reduce the risk of further inflammation:

• Avoid foods high in sugar and starch, as they have an inflammatory effect.
• Reduce or eliminate potential allergenic components (e.g., certain protein sources or additives in concentrated feed).
• Use structured roughage (e.g. high-quality hay) to stabilize digestion.

Feeding management for horses with summer eczema

In addition to the feed composition, feeding management also plays an important role:

• Ensure consistent feeding times to reduce stress.
• Regularly observe your horse's skin condition, weight, and eating habits.
• Document the effect of new supplements and consult a nutritionist or veterinarian if you are unsure.
• Have the diet of acutely affected animals regularly checked in a laboratory (e.g. for nutrient imbalances or mold in the hay).

What does it mean when your horse is a chronic eczema sufferer?

Unfortunately, for many horses, summer eczema is not a one-time event . Once the immune system has become sensitized, it usually reacts to the same stimuli in subsequent years. But that doesn't mean your horse has to suffer – with a combination of consistent insect repellent, optimized husbandry and suitable feed, you can visibly alleviate the course of the disease.

You should remember that.

Summer eczema is a complex skin disease that can be well controlled through consistent preventative measures, targeted husbandry, balanced feeding, and individual therapy. The sooner you intervene and support your horse, the better you can reduce suffering – and make summer days bearable despite eczema.

Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

What are the main symptoms of summer eczema in horses?

The main symptoms of summer eczema are severe itching, skin inflammation, hair loss and scaling, especially on the mane, tail and belly. Affected horses often show restlessness and rub themselves intensely.

What are the causes of summer eczema in horses?

Summer eczema is primarily triggered by an oversensitivity to insect saliva, especially that of midges. Genetic factors, the immune system, and environmental conditions also play a role.

How can I protect my horse from summer eczema?

Keep your horse in the stable as much as possible during the mosquito season, especially during the early morning and evening hours. Use summer blankets, insect repellent, and ensure a clean environment to minimize insect infestation.

What feeding recommendations are there for horses with eczema?

Feed high-quality roughage, supplement with omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, biotin and vitamins. Avoid sugary feed and watch out for possible feed allergies or intolerances.

How is summer eczema diagnosed in horses?

Through clinical examination and medical history. Blood tests and skin tests help to rule out other diseases or confirm an insect saliva allergy.

What treatments are available for an affected horse?

Typically, insect repellent measures, anti-itch creams, cortisone ointments or antihistamines are used. Homeopathic remedies and herbal products such as coconut oil can help additionally, but should be accompanied by veterinary care.